![]() ![]() In the dedication of his second book of madrigals, Monteverdi had described himself as a player of the vivuola (which could mean either viola da gamba or viola da braccio). Mantua: 1591–1613 Court musician Duke Vincenzo I Gonzaga in his coronation robes (1587, by Jeannin Bahuet ) The first book of madrigals (Venice, 1587) was dedicated to Count Marco Verità of Verona the second book of madrigals (Venice, 1590) was dedicated to the President of the Senate of Milan, Giacomo Ricardi, for whom he had played the viola da braccio in 1587. His next works (his first published secular compositions) were sets of five-part madrigals, according to his biographer Paolo Fabbri: "the inevitable proving ground for any composer of the second half of the sixteenth century . His second published work, Madrigali spirituali (Spiritual Madrigals, 1583), was printed at Brescia. Monteverdi's first publications also give evidence of his connections beyond Cremona, even in his early years. The musicologist Tim Carter deduces that Ingegneri "gave him a solid grounding in counterpoint and composition", and that Monteverdi would also have studied playing instruments of the viol family and singing. In this, and his other initial publications, he describes himself as the pupil of Marc'Antonio Ingegneri, who was from 1581 (and possibly from 1576) to 1592 the maestro di cappella at Cremona Cathedral. Monteverdi's first published work, a set of motets, Sacrae cantiunculae (Sacred Songs) for three voices, was issued in Venice in 1582, when he was only fifteen years old. There is no clear record of Monteverdi's early musical training, or evidence that (as is sometimes claimed) he was a member of the Cathedral choir or studied at Cremona University. Cremona Cathedral, where Monteverdi's teacher Ingegneri was maestro di capella Cremona was close to the border of the Republic of Venice, and not far from the lands controlled by the Duchy of Mantua, in both of which states Monteverdi was later to establish his career. 1573) was also to become a musician there were two other brothers and two sisters from Baldassare's marriage to Maddalena and his subsequent marriage in 1576 or 1577. Claudio's brother Giulio Cesare Monteverdi (b. He was the first child of the apothecary Baldassare Monteverdi and his first wife Maddalena (née Zignani) they had married early the previous year. The register records his name as "Claudio Zuan Antonio" the son of "Messer Baldasar Mondeverdo". Monteverdi was baptised in the church of SS Nazaro e Celso, Cremona, on. He is now established both as a significant influence in European musical history and as a composer whose works are regularly performed and recorded. Largely forgotten during the eighteenth and much of the nineteenth centuries, his works enjoyed a rediscovery around the beginning of the twentieth century. No stranger to controversy, he defended his sometimes novel techniques as elements of a seconda pratica, contrasting with the more orthodox earlier style which he termed the prima pratica. While he worked extensively in the tradition of earlier Renaissance polyphony, as evidenced in his madrigals, he undertook great developments in form and melody, and began to employ the basso continuo technique, distinctive of the Baroque. His opera L'Orfeo (1607) is the earliest of the genre still widely performed towards the end of his life he wrote works for Venice, including Il ritorno d'Ulisse in patria and L'incoronazione di Poppea. His surviving music includes nine books of madrigals, large-scale religious works, such as his Vespro della Beata Vergine ( Vespers for the Blessed Virgin) of 1610, and three complete operas. ![]() Much of Monteverdi's output, including many stage works, has been lost. His surviving letters give insight into the life of a professional musician in Italy of the period, including problems of income, patronage and politics. 1590–1613) and then until his death in the Republic of Venice where he was maestro di cappella at the basilica of San Marco. A composer of both secular and sacred music, and a pioneer in the development of opera, he is considered a crucial transitional figure between the Renaissance and Baroque periods of music history.īorn in Cremona, where he undertook his first musical studies and compositions, Monteverdi developed his career first at the court of Mantua ( c. 1630)Ĭlaudio Giovanni Antonio Monteverdi (baptized – 29 November 1643) was an Italian composer, choirmaster and string player. For other uses, see Monteverdi (disambiguation).
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